Cell Signalling

Cell signalling is the mechanism through which cells communicate with other cells within the body or with the external environment. The majority of signalling molecules are chemical substances, including as hormones, neurotransmitters, and growth factors, which bind to a specific protein receptor (signalling molecule) on or within a cell. The signals are then transmitted from one molecule to the next within the cell, resulting in a particular cell response, such as cell division or cell death. Muscle cells and nerve cells, for instance, work together to facilitate movement. Signalling is essential for appropriate cell growth and function. Cells with abnormal signalling molecules may transform into cancer cells. Also known as signal transmission.

Phases of Cell Signalling:

Cell signalling occurs in the following three phases:
•    Signal molecule binding to the receptor.
•    Signal transduction involves the activation of enzymes by chemical signals.
•    Ultimately, a response is detected